The raw-material issue directly related with industrial, agricultural and household waste. The last category is domestic waste or debris. This old newspapers, empty cans, plastic bags, wrapping paper, broken crockery, worn clothes, who damaged appliances and so on Have all of these products are emitted than blatantly violated one of the fundamental laws of nature — the cycle of substances in nature.
Conducted in the USA studies have shown that the composition of municipal solid waste (%) approximately as follows:
Paper - 41
Food waste - 21
Glass - 12
Iron and alloys - 10
Plastics - 5
Wood - 5
Rubber and leather - 3
Textiles - 2
Aluminium - 1
Other metals - 0.3
Naturally, the share of the individual components in the garbage varies depending on the state of a particular neighborhood, the time of year, and so on. N. Since the fall of the share of garden waste (mown lawn grass, fallen leaves, and so on. Etc..) Clearly outweighs.
Until recently, the worldwide solid waste trying to eliminate two ways: by burning in open dumps or in special furnaces, while in both cases there were additional sources of air pollution; by burial in cemeteries. The second method is also fraught with negative consequences: 1) leaching of substances and groundwater pollution, which in this case is called the filtrate (the latter often gets into aquifers); 2) an intensive methane production, since landfill have access to oxygen, and it goes anaerobic decomposition, and one of its products - biogas 2 / s consisting of methane (the latter, as is known, can explode even when a spark); 3) land subsidence.
The way out of this situation can be recyclization waste, ie. E. Their recycling, it is here that the problem of waste and raw materials are closed. The main obstacles in the way of waste recycling, it's their sort, search firms interested in an unusual business, the contradiction between the private and public sectors, and so on. N.
However, part of household waste can be recycled for fertilizer by composting - a natural biological decomposition (digestion of organic matter) or a source of energy. Incineration of waste - is a cross between an ideal and simple recyclization their burial. Pollution in this case can be monitored using special equipment.
Unfortunately, attempts a radical solution to the problem of waste are taken only in the highly industrialized countries of the West and in Japan. , The practice of using different containers for the collection of glass, paper, aluminum and other wastes. In the Netherlands, Sweden, Belgium, the degree of recycling of household waste has exceeded 60%. However, success can be achieved only if for processing products exist markets. The regeneration process of a waste can be considered complete only when a person "without wincing," will use whatever is recycled from waste. This is an important psychological problem. Most suitable for recycling aluminum cans are considered, glass bottles, plastic waste, paper, debris.
Garbage disposal